에이전시의 충격적 표절: 베스트셀러 작가의 책을 AI로 도용하다

Last week, a MetaFilter member posted a link to what appeared to be a new website for The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows , John Koenig's decade-long project to make a "dictionary of made-up words for emotions that we all feel but don’t have the words to express." The polished site includes everything you'd expect from a publisher's promotional book site: an author biography , press mentions , and links to buy the book on Amazon. Strangely, it also includes the entire text of the book , from its opening 800-word foreword to a complete archive of all 311 neologisms , with their accompanying definitions, etymology, and short essays, all penned by Koenig. The book's original photo-collage illustrations made by Koenig and several other artists are conspicuously missing. Instead, each word has an AI-generated image made with DALL-E 2, riddled with the errors and artifacts typical of that model. A banner at the top of the homepage encourages visitors to "Generate your own words using AI – give your sorrows a voice!" The Submit A Sorrow feature lets you describe a feeling, and then uses OpenAI's GPT-4 to generate the new word, etymology, and definition, which go into a gallery of " User-Generated Sorrows " with AI generated art. MetaFilter members were immediately suspicious, and so was I. My wife Ami and I made a card game in 2022, Lost for Words , partly inspired by Koenig's project. We own a copy of the book, and I'd followed it online for years. The embrace of AI seemed out of character. Then I noticed the new site was a different domain than the original Tumblr homepage entirely: The original: dictionaryofobscuresorrows.com The reboot: the dictionaryofobscuresorrows.com What's going on here? A Little History John Koenig launched The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows on Tumblr in 2009, expanding it to a series of popular video essays in 2013. If you know any word from the project, it's probably " sonder ," which spread far beyond its origin, making its way into common parlance and eventually to Dictionary.com and Merriam-Webster . sonder n. the realization that each random passerby is living a life as vivid and complex as your own—populated with their own ambitions, friends, routines, worries and inherited craziness—an epic story that continues invisibly around you like an anthill sprawling deep underground, with elaborate passageways to thousands of other lives that you’ll never know existed, in which you might appear only once, as an extra sipping coffee in the background, as a blur of traffic passing on the highway, as a lighted window at dusk. Other words coined by Koenig have found a life outside his project. You may have encountered "anemoia" (a feeling of nostalgia for a time or place you've never known), "vellichor" (the strange wistfulness of used bookstores), or maybe "monachopsis" (the subtle but persistent feeling of being out of place). But "sonder" is the breakaway success. I'd wager most people who have heard the word have no idea it was coined by a guy on Tumblr in 2012 . There's an R&B band named Sonder, a failed Airbnb rival , and countless businesses ranging from consultancies and VC firms to coffeehouses and dispensaries . There's a bar named Sonder two miles from me right now. That success landed Koenig a book deal with Simon & Schuster, and the book became a New York Times bestseller on its release in November 2021. Two years later, around August 2023, the new Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows website launched, but curiously, with no reference to it from the official Tumblr page or social media. A Slick Impostor The mission of Koenig's project, in his own words, is to "shine a light on the fundamental strangeness of being a human being." So it felt strange that he would now be encouraging people to generate new words and definitions with LLMs, a contentious technology that has been trained on so much human writing, but can't know what it's like to be human. I reached out to John Koenig directly to ask if he was involved with the website. He emailed back an hour later: Yeah man, I had nothing to do with it. Don’t know what to think or do about that, as the site is pretty slick. Nicer than my own, really. It wasn't hard to find who was responsible since they list themselves in the "Site Credits" in the footer of every page: Qontour (formerly Prompt Digital), a web design and marketing agency based in San Francisco. The only hint that the site isn't authorized is this page in their portfolio , where they talk about how "Qontour built the interactive digital platform – designing the site in Webflow, generating an AI-powered image library, and launching a feature that lets visitors submit their own sorrows and add new definitions to the dictionary." On that page, they refer to themselves as "fans" of the book: "The site gives fans (like us) one place to find everything – videos, reviews, interviews, and purchase links – instead of searching across a dozen platforms.‍" The problem, of course, is that being a fan doesn't give them the right to repurpose any of the material for their site. Copyright and Confusion In the footer of Qontour's unauthorized site, they added a copyright notice acknowledging that they don't own any of the rights to the material on the site, while also licensing all the user-submitted words into the public domain with a CC Zero license. Dictionary Content © John Koenig – All rights reserved. User-Generated Content open licensed – CC Zero. This betrays a fundamental misunderstanding of how copyright works. Qontour did not have the right to publish the entirety of Koenig's book to showcase their web design skills. They also submitted their site to Webflow's directory to advertise their design business. "This endeavor showcased our expertise in website design, AI-generated content, and extensive content integration." Below the button to "Hire Qontour," a small link to "Copyright Info" misrepresents their work: The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows by Qontour is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. All Rights Reserved. In other words, it's someone else's work so you can't copy it or edit it for any reason, but you can share it with others. Needless to say, you can't relicense content you don't own. Complicating their claims of it being a fan tribute, Qontour also used their own Amazon affiliate code throughout the site, created under their previous name Prompt Digital, giving them a cut of all book sales . Those commissions may have been meaningful over the last few years, since the unofficial site is now the top search result for virtually every query related to the book, including the book's title , the words coined in the book , and even John Koenig's name . In every Google search I've tried, the unofficial site ranks higher than the official site, the publisher's site, or Wikipedia. This is made worse by the rapid shift from traditional web search to conversational AI search, which is easy to manipulate, hides sources, and collapses context into simple answers. ChatGPT and Gemini both link to the bootleg as the official website, and both claim that John Koenig is the one that created it. This creates legitimate confusion over its authorship, and arguably, damages the reputation of the project and book with its enthusiastic embrace of AI. The person who originally posted the site to MetaFilter thought it was the official site, and the commenters in the thread then, reasonably, questioned whether the book itself was written by AI. I asked Koenig if his publisher was planning to issue a cease-and-desist takedown to the site, but didn't receive a response. After emailing him, I realized that Simon & Schuster did make moves last year to limit its reach. They filed two DMCA takedowns ( 1 , 2 ) with Google last July, asking them to remove two pages from the bootleg site from their results. It had no effect. AI and Consent It’s one thing for a fan to share or remix copyr