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Scores decline again for 13-year-old students in reading and mathematics The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) administered the NAEP long-term trend (LTT) reading and mathematics assessments to 13-year-old students from October to December of the 2022–23 school year. The average scores for 13-year-olds declined 4 points in reading and 9 points in mathematics compared to the previous assessment administered during the 2019–20 school year. Compared to a decade ago, the average scores declined 7 points in reading and 14 points in mathematics. Figure Trend in NAEP long-term trend reading and mathematics average scores for 13-year-old students Display As Graph Table Loading... * Significantly different ( p < .05) from 2023 . NOTE: The NAEP long-term trend (LTT) assessment results are reported by the year in which the school year ends. For example, the age 13 assessment was administered during the fall of the 2022–23 school year and results are reported as 2023 LTT at age 13. This Highlights report compares performance on the NAEP long-term trend reading and mathematics assessments for age 13 students during the 2022–23 school year to previous assessment results, with a focus on results obtained in the 2019–20 school year. Results reflect the performance of a nationally representative sample of 8,700 thirteen-year-olds in each subject. Performance comparisons are based on statistically significant differences between assessment years and between groups. Explore details about the long-term trend assessments and how they differ from main NAEP assessments . Share this result: I. Performance Trends by Percentiles Reading scores decline at all selected percentiles since 2020 NAEP reports scores at five selected percentiles to show changes over time by lower- (10th and 25th percentiles), middle- (50th percentile), and higher- (75th and 90th percentiles) performing students. Percentiles are useful for understanding how overall score gains or losses are distributed across the student population and provide context for the national average score. The 2023 reading scores for age 13 students at all five selected percentile levels declined compared to 2020. The declines ranged from 3 to 4 points for middle- and higher-performing students to 6 to 7 points for lower-performing students, though the score declines of lower performers were not significantly different from those of their middle- and higher-performing peers. Figure Trend in NAEP long-term trend reading scores at five selected percentiles for 13-year-old students Display As Graph Table Scale score 0 0 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 500 Assessment Year 0 &#x27;71 &#x27;75 &#x27;80 &#x27;84 &#x27;88 &#x27;90 &#x27;92 &#x27;94 &#x27;96 &#x27;99 &#x27;04 &#x27;08 &#x27;12 &#x27;20 &#x27;23 Loading... Legend 90th Percentile 75th Percentile 50th Percentile 25th Percentile 10th Percentile NOTE: The NAEP long-term trend (LTT) assessment results are reported by the year in which the school year ends. For example, the age 13 assessment was administered during the fall of the 2022–23 school year and results are reported as 2023 LTT at age 13. Larger declines since 2020 for lower-performing students in mathematics The 2023 mathematics scores for age 13 students at all five selected percentile levels declined compared to 2020. The declines ranged from 6 to 8 points for middle- and higher-performing students to 12 to 14 points for lower-performing students, with larger declines for lower performers in comparison to their higher-performing peers. Figure Trend in NAEP long-term trend mathematics scores at five selected percentiles for 13-year-old students Display As Graph Table Scale score 0 0 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 500 Assessment Year 0 &#x27;78 &#x27;82 &#x27;86 &#x27;90 &#x27;92 &#x27;94 &#x27;96 &#x27;99 &#x27;04 &#x27;08 &#x27;12 &#x27;20 &#x27;23 Loading... Legend 90th Percentile 75th Percentile 50th Percentile 25th Percentile 10th Percentile NOTE: The NAEP long-term trend (LTT) assessment results are reported by the year in which the school year ends. For example, the age 13 assessment was administered during the fall of the 2022–23 school year and results are reported as 2023 LTT at age 13. Share this result: II. Performance Trends by Student Group Scores decline for many student groups in reading, and for nearly all student groups in mathematics The 2023 average scores in reading declined compared to 2020 for many student groups reported by NAEP; for example, scores were lower for both male and female 13-year-olds, for students eligible and not eligible for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), and for students attending schools in the Northeast and the Midwest regions. In mathematics, scores declined compared to 2020 for most student groups; for example, scores were lower for Black, Hispanic, and White 13-year-olds, for students attending schools in all regions of the country, for students eligible and not eligible for the NSLP, and for students at all reported levels of parental education. See average score results for selected student groups through the drop-down menu selection below. Symbols in the figure indicate the score change between two sets of assessment years: from 2012 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2023. For example, in the figure below for race/ethnicity, the gray diamonds indicate that the 2020 reading score was not significantly different from the 2012 score for any racial/ethnic group with reportable results, and the down arrows indicate that 2023 reading scores declined for White and Black students and for students of Two or More Races in comparison to 2020. In mathematics, the 11-point score decrease for female students compared to the 7-point decrease for male students resulted in a widening of the Male−Female score gap in comparison to 2020. Also, the 13-point score decrease among Black students compared to the 6-point decrease among White students resulted in a widening of the White−Black score gap from 35 points in 2020 to 42 points in 2023. In reading, there were no statistically significant changes in these score gaps in 2023 compared to 2020. Select a student group Race/ethnicity down arrow Figure Changes in NAEP long-term trend reading and mathematics average scores for 13-year-old students, by race/ethnicity: 2012, 2020, and 2023 Display As Graph Table Loading... Legend Score increase No significant change Score decrease NAEP long-term trend performance levels for age 13 NOTE: Results are not shown for Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander students because reporting standards were not met. The NAEP long-term trend (LTT) assessment results are reported by the year in which the school year ends. For example, the age 13 assessment was administered during the fall of the 2022–23 school year and results are reported as 2023 LTT at age 13. Share this result: III. Student Learning Experience Students who took the long-term trend assessments in reading and mathematics during the 2022–23 school year also responded to a survey questionnaire. Students taking the long-term trend reading assessment were asked how often they read for fun on their own time; students taking the long-term trend mathematics assessment were asked which type of mathematics course they were currently taking; and all students were asked about the number of days they had been absent from school in the previous month. Students’ responses to survey questions provide information with which to compare performance based on their self-reported characteristics and educational experiences. This information may be valuable in helping parents, educators, and policymakers understand what aspects of students’ experiences are related to achievement. Survey questionnaire results, however, do not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the characteristic or experience and student achievement. NAEP is not designed to identify the causes