OpenAI가 70억 달러 자사주 매입을 마친 같은 주간에 COO 브래드 라이트캡과 CRO 데니스 드레서가 잇달아 퇴사하며 생존 가능성에 대한 우려가 커지고 있습니다. 특히 취임 8개월 만에 떠난 드레서는 상장 시 수천만 달러의 주식을 포기한 셈이라, IPO 전망 자체가 흔들리고 있다는 해석이 나옵니다. 경쟁사 Anthropic의 다소 조급해 보이는 상장 전 마케팅과 맞물려 AI 거대 기업들의 재정 지속 가능성에 대한 의문이 커지는 상황입니다.
번역된 본문
이 글이 마음에 드셨다면 프리미엄 뉴스레터를 구독해 보세요. 연 70달러, 분기 18달러, 월 7달러이며, 매주 보통 1만~1만 8천 단어 분량의 뉴스레터를 받을 수 있습니다. NVIDIA, Anthropic, OpenAI의 재무 상태와 AI 버블 전반에 대한 방대하고 상세한 분석이 포함됩니다. 'SaaSpocalypse', 사모 크레딧, 사모펀드에 대한 '헤이터 가이드' 시리즈는 현재 금융 시스템을 이해하는 데 필수적이며, 'OpenAI가 Oracle을 죽이는 법' 가이드는 Oracle 헤이터 가이드 1편, 2편과 잘 어울립니다. NVIDIA 헤이터 가이드는 2부작으로 작성했습니다. 프리미엄 구독은 가성비가 좋을 뿐 아니라, 매주 이런 대규모 심층 조사 무료 글을 쓸 수 있는 기반이 됩니다.
분위기를 잡으려는 게 아니라, 나는 OpenAI의 생존 능력에 대해 상당한 우려를 가지고 있으며, 이 우려는 최근 몇 년간 더욱 절실해졌습니다. 70억 달러 규모의 사내 주식 자사매입을 완료한 같은 주에, COO(겸 전 CFO) 브래드 라이트캡과 최고수익책임자(CRO) 데니스 드레서가 회사를 떠났습니다. 드레서는 입사한 지 8개월밖에 되지 않았고, 불과 4개월 전에는 이렇게 말했습니다. "업계 전반에 이렇게 빠르고 일관되게 확산되는 확신은 처음 봅니다." 드레서는 4월, 입사 후 첫 90일을 마무리하며 CNBC에 이같이 밝혔습니다.
드레서는 1년도 채 근무하지 않고 떠나면서 대량의 스톡옵션을 포기했을 것으로 보입니다. 그녀는 어떤 이유에서든 OpenAI에 남는 것이 상장 시 현금화할 수 있을 것으로 추정되는 수천만 달러 상당의 주식을 받는 것보다 가치가 없다고 판단한 것이 아닐까 짐작합니다. 그러니까, 그 '분명히 진행 중인' 상장 말입니다. 물론 더 이상 그렇게 확정적이지 않을 수도 있지만요.
지난 6월 말 뉴욕타임스는 OpenAI가 2027년 어느 시점에 상장하는 쪽으로 '기울고 있다'고 보도했습니다. 하지만 그 이후 Anthropic이 내가 본 것 중 가장 공격적인 상장 전 마케팅 캠페인을 벌였습니다. 투자자들이 파이낸셜타임스(FT)에 '유출'한 정보에 따르면 Anthropic의 기업가치는 2조 달러에 이르고, 2026년 말까지 연환산 매출이 1,000억~1,200억 달러에 달할 것이라고 했습니다. 이는 완전히 허구에 가까운 주장으로, 자기 지분불리기(pumping their bags) 의도로 만들어진 것이며, FT는 이유야 어쨌든 별다른 반박 없이 이를 그대로 실었습니다.
그런데 OpenAI 입장에서 훨씬 무서운 것은, Anthropic의 상장 전 마케팅마저 절박함이 배어 있다는 점입니다. 지난주 말 로이터의 보도는 우매한 투자자들을 조작하려고 정밀하게 설계된 듯한 내용이었습니다. "월가가 AI 기업에 가격을 매길 때 평소보다 먼 미래를 내다보고 있으며, 2년 후 창출할 수 있는 매출을 기준으로 평가하고 있다"며 "대략 1조 9,000억~2조 달러의 매출을 예상한다"고 했습니다.
사실 이 부분이 아마 최악이었습니다. 기존 기업들은 일반적으로 수익, 즉 EBITDA를 기준으로 더 무겁게 평가받는데, 이는 투자자에게 사업의 경제성을 보여줍니다. 그러나 Anthropic의 경우 현재 EBITDA는 투자자들이 기대하는 규모의 경제성을 온전히 반영하지 못한다는 것입니다. Anthropic은 GPU와 기타 컴퓨팅 인프라, 모델 학습, 추론, 채용에 막대한 비용을 지출하고 있습니다. 이러한 지출은 급격한 확장을 뒷받침하는 데 필요하지만, 사업이 성장하면 매출 대비 비중이 줄어들 수 있다는 것입니다. 해당 기자는 이것이 '공정'하고 '객관적'이라고 믿었겠지만, 이 문단은 명백히 의문스러운 경제성을 지닌 기업에 대한 동의를 제조하기 위해서만 존재합니다. "현재 EBITDA는 투자자가 기대하는..."
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If you want to get in touch — and especially if you have any juicy information about Anthropic, OpenAI, or any other companies in the AI bubble — hit me up on Signal at ezitron.76. I’m also on IB on The Terminal. I’m not trying to be a buzzkill here, but I have meaningful concerns about OpenAI’s ability to survive, and they’ve only grown more pressing in the last few years. In the same week that it completed a $7 billion internal share buyback , OpenAI saw both COO (and former CFO) Brad Lightcap and Chief Revenue Officer (CRO) Denise Dresser leave the company, the latter of which had only been there eight months, and had this to say a mere four months ago: “I just have never seen this level of conviction spread so quickly and consistently within the industries,” Dresser told CNBC in April, as she was wrapping up her first 90 days on the job. Dresser likely walked away from a large amount of stock options by leaving after less than a year on the job, which I’m guessing means she decided that staying at OpenAI would, for whatever reason, not be worth getting what I imagine are tens of millions of dollars of stock she would be able to liquidate when it went public. You know, that thing that’s definitely happening. Unless it’s not quite so definite anymore. Back in late June, The New York Times reported OpenAI was “leaning toward” going public some time in 2027, but that was before Anthropic started one of the most-aggressive pre-IPO marketing campaigns I’ve ever seen, with investors “leaking” to the Financial Times that they thought it would have a $2 trillion valuation and have (sigh) annualized revenues of $100 billion to $120 billion by end of 2026, an entirely fictional statement made with the intent of pumping their bags, with the FT, for whatever reason, printing it with little pushback. Yet what’s likely far-scarier for OpenAI is that even Anthropic’s pre-IPO marketing has a whiff of desperation. A Reuters report from late last week that feels precision-engineered to manipulate dimwitted investors said that “Wall Street [was] looking further into the future than it commonly does to put a price on the AI company, valuing it based on how much revenue it could generate two years from now,” adding that it was “projecting revenue of roughly $190 billion to $200 billion.” This was arguably the worst part: Established companies are typically valued more heavily on earnings, or EBITDA, which gives investors a sense of the economics of the business. For Anthropic, however, current EBITDA does not fully capture the economics investors expect the company to achieve at scale. Anthropic is spending enormous amounts on GPUs and other computing capacity, model training, inference and hiring. Those expenses are necessary to support its rapid expansion but could become a smaller percentage of revenue as the business grows. While I imagine the writer in question believed that this was being “fair” and “objective,” this paragraph exists only to manufacture consent for a company that clearly has questionable economics. “Current EBITDA does not fully capture the economics investors expect the company to achieve at scale” is a euphemism for “ignore your lying eyes,” a plea with the audience to not judge a company based on its actual business but on a theoretical business that, to quote Reuters, have “...training and inference [costs] become more efficient as technology improves, while personnel and other operating costs could become a smaller share of revenue as the company scales.” Could, could, could, could, could, could could COULD! It’s always a bloody could or will or might with these fucking companies, and it’s astonishingly bad journalism to see it as an “objective” choice to vaguely say that a company should not be evaluated based on its actual business but on some theoretical business that they might build in the future where the economics are completely different. Sidenote: t he defense of a statement like this is always that it’s “to show both sides,” but the article also fails to disclose that Anthropic loses billions of dollars a year, or that the AI labs are horribly unprofitable. It does, however, include that Anthropic had a “profitable quarter,” which is something that was only made possible with Musk’s discounts on its compute costs in May and June 2026 . That fact is also left out of the article. The reason I bring up the noises coming from the manufacturing consent machine is that if Anthropic beats OpenAI to an IPO, I cannot see a viable (or reasonable) path for Sam Altman to float his nasty little company. The fact that the Financial Times and Reuters are already being co-opted into softening the blow is a sign that Anthropic’s S-1 will look and smell like the inside of a tauntaun , and Anthropic is, from the reporting I’ve read, in a much better condition than OpenAI, if only because it didn’t have multiple side quests involving video generation or browsers or smart speakers , though both companies love to give away $20 to $40 for $1 . Put simply, if Anthropic goes public with its own horrifying economics on parade, it’s hard to imagine OpenAI — a company that lost $20.9 billion in 2025 on $13.07 billion in revenue — will fare much better. After all, Anthropic just hit, per Bloomberg, $65 billion in annualized run rate — a month multiplied by 12, or four weeks multiplied by 13, I’m guessing, because it never defines this number — in May 2026, and OpenAI is “on track” to hit $40 billion annualized revenue …in the middle of August. Another Sidenote: I gotta say, that Bloomberg story about Anthropic’s run rate is even weirder than usual, defining run rate as “a metric that projects full-year revenue from a shorter period” without actually saying how it’s derived. No need to ask difficult questions I guess! We are, of course, in the era of madness, so I’ve already read three or four people on Twitter say that OpenAI’s actual annualized revenue is so much higher , because they’ve heard stuff from people they trust . The AI industry’s loudest advocates think and act like cultists at the end of a doomsday prophecy, except instead of the world ending , OpenAI and Anthropic become the largest companies — or in the case of giga-oaf hedgie Gavin Baker, the only companies — in the world, rewarding all those who believed with… something. Glory? Smugness? Salvation? In any case, OpenAI has a real problem if Anthropic beats it to the markets. OpenAI’s Revenue Growth Decelerated At Exactly The Time It Needed To Accelerate On October 31, 2025, a flustered Sam Altman told booster and investor Brad Gertsner that OpenAI would make “well more than $13 billion” in revenue that year before saying he’d “find a buyer for his shares.” In the end, per my own reporting , “well more” would mean “$70 million,” with OpenAI making $13.07 billion in revenue in 2025, with SoftBank accounting for $862 million. A week later on November 6, CNBC would report that OpenAI was “on track” to generate “more than” $20 billion in annualized revenue. OpenAI works out its annualized revenue by multiplying its most-recent four-wee